The Question Of Pure Optimism In Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay Example For Students

The Question Of Pure Optimism In Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay In Their Eyes Were Watching God Janie experiences a few connections before he pulled in her viewpoint like an extraordinary fish net. Pulled it from around the abdomen of the world and hung it behind her (p. 184). As such, not all the encounters that helped her to deal with her life were sure ones. These encounters can be placed into one of four connections: Nanny, Logan Killicks, Jody Starks, and Tea Cake. Almost certainly that Nanny adored Janie a lot, and normally she needed her granddaughter to have security past an elderly person who might unavoidably kick the bucket. She likewise needed a greater number of chances for Janie than shed had as she grew up a slave. As she discloses to Janie, nd Janie, perhaps it wasnt much, however Ah done de best Ah kinfolk by you. Ok raked and scratched and purchased dis lil piece uh land so you wouldnt need to remain in de white people yard and fold yo head befo other chillun at school (p. 19). Nannys goals are just to make Janies life better than hers was, however in an unexpected contort she is the person who puts the shackles on Janie in any case by wedding her off to the individual, not of Janies decision, yet of her own. To give Janie a superior life than a slave, Nanny would have improved to not be as controlling. Tragically, Janie appears to be just to recollect this and not Nannys love. Here Nanny had taken the greatest thing God at any point made, the skyline for regardless of how far an individual can go the skyline is still route past you-and squeezed it in to such a smidgen of a thing that she could tie it about her granddaughters neck sufficiently tight to gag her. She despised that elderly person who had curved her so for the sake of affection. (p.85)Logan Killicks then assumes Nannys position in Janies life. In any event, for her controlling Nanny he is a poor substitute, best case scenario as he calls her ruined and speaks condescendingly to her. At a certain point he even censures her for being ground-breaking autonomous (p. 29) for somebody who had been brought into the world the manner in which she had (as though she had a decision in the issue!). On the off chance that Logan did truly think about Janie, at that point it couldn't have been a considerably more mind boggling feeling than his needing his devices or his donkey around. In any case, individuals are significantly more confounded than that and (ideally) are not happy with being viewed as a thing as opposed to an individual. Logan gets down to business to get another donkey and is expecting that Janie will consequently work with him, something she happens not to concur with. Logans issue is that he has a lot of assumptions regarding Janie and she neglects to satisfy them. Had Logan been savvier, he would not have developed himslef such a great amount of and rather refreshing who Janie was and not who she wasnt. This is the issue that crosses over into intolerability in a stressed relationship. Jody Starks has aspiration, which is likely not what least draws in Janie to him. Regardless, she leaves Logan Killicks to begin another relationship with Jody. Jody is the main individual to hit Janie, and all in all he regards her as though she were his property. She is made to tie up her hair, for example, so nobody else around can see her with it down. He attempts to keep up her as a thing that nobody else may view or take joy from, in this way he keeps command over her life. Aspiration may have pulled in Janie to Jodie, however the thing he cherishes is power, and even at his generally touchy to her he is as yet a canny man whos genuine goals must be re-thought at. .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190 , .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190 .postImageUrl , .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190 , .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190:hover , .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190:visited , .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190:active { border:0!important; } .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190:active , .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ubd3e3db a40bb487675f662b3c0b94190 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ubd3e3dba40bb487675f662b3c0b94190:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: A Good Man Is Hard To Find EssayOne bewildering thing about Janies relationship with Jody is the reason she doesnt leave. She absolutely shows that she has the activity when she leaves Logan Killicks, and when Jody has hit her for coincidentally destroying their supper it appears glaringly evident this is certifiably not a solid relationship. So for what reason does Janie remain? Most likely on the grounds that there is nobody to hook on to promptly, as there was the point at which she was with Logan Killicks. This enormously qualifies the perusers positive thinking since it is demonstrating that Janie is truly not all tha t free even with the obnoxious attacks she dispatches back at Jody, she despite everything remains with him until he kicks the bucket. Tea Cake is the main man to court Janie (what Logan Killicks did with Nanny is increasingly similar to campaigning his motivation). He is carefree, cheerful, active, and doesn't act like he possesses or needs to claim her. These things make Tea Cake the perfect mate for Janie, and her relationship with him is the one in particular that she truly appreciates being a piece of reliably. What is annoying about Tea Cake is that he does in actuality hit Janie. Obviously this was middle of the road, and even expected at that point. In todays society it would surely not go on without serious consequences, nor would the disposition that accompanies it. Tea Cake hits Janie in light of the fact that he is feeble, and the demonstration has the direct inverse impact on the peruser from the impact it has on the characters in the novel. At the point when Mrs. Turners sibling came and she brought him over to be presented, Tea Cake had a talk. Before the week was over he had whipped Janie. Not on the grounds that her conduct supported his envy, however it eased that horrendous dread inside him. Having the option to whip her consoled him of ownership. No ruthless beating by any stretch of the imagination. He just slapped her around to give her who was chief. (p. 140)Maybe it isnt the beating that is such an issue, however the way that he should have been consoled of ownership when it is everything except accepted that tea Cake is not quite the same as the remainder of the characters who had attempted to have as well as control Janie. At her preliminary, Janie is quiet either by Hurstons needing to tell it in omniscient third individual, or in light of the fact that Hurston is, truth be told, attempting to qualify the perusers complete positive thinking about Janies life. Was Janie incapable to accomplish her voice as Robert Stepto fights (see Forward, xi)? Or then again did we the perusers not hear Janie shield herself since realizing how to utilize your voice incorporates knowing when not to as Alice Walker accepts? Or on the other hand is Mary Helen Washington the person who hits the nil on the head when she composes, I feel that quietness reflects Hurstons distress with the model of the male saint who advocates for himself through his amazing voice. Contingent upon the perusers understanding of the book, it could be any of these things. Be that as it may, the reality remains that it very well may be deciphered every one of the three different ways (and conceivably more) and that by itself is sufficient for the peruser to address whether the novel is simply hopeful. English Essays

History: Luzon and Philippine Folk Dances

Pandanggo sa Ilaw Luzon Folk Dance (Candle Dance) Pandanggo sa Ilaw †This well known move of effortlessness and parity originates from Lubang Island, Mindoro in the Visayas district. The term pandanggo originates from the Spanish word fandango, which is a move described by vivacious advances and applauding that shifts in cadence in 3/4 time. This specific pandanggo includes the nearness of three tinggoy or oil lights, adjusted on the head and the rear of each hand. . It is said to have begun from Mindoro, the seventh-biggest island in the Philippines.This move of lights reenacts fireflies at sunset and around evening time. The music to which the pandanggo sa ilaw is currently regularly moved was created by Col. Antonio R. Buenaventura, a National Artist for Music and a local of Bulacan. He composed the music at some point in the mid 1930's while instructing at the Conservatory of Music at the University of the Philippines Costumes: . Kimono, Saya and Malong. History of Pandanggo sa Ilaw These a fore referenced Philippine people moves are ethnic in nature and origin.On the other hand, there are a few Philippine society moves that were impacted by some Western nations as a portion of these had colonized Philippines before. One such nation is Spain. A portion of the alleged â€Å"influenced† Philippine people moves are the accompanying: Pandango sa Ilaw, Carinosa, Balitao and Rigodon. To close, these society moves whether ethnic in birthplace or not mirror the vivacious culture that the Filipinos have. These moves might be assorted yet through these social structures, the Filipinos are bound together and glad by method of having Philippine society moves that are really one of the bests on the planet.

That Time I Almost Met Lawrence Ferlinghetti

That Time I Almost Met Lawrence Ferlinghetti The year was 2006. The city: San Francisco. I had been lucky enough to get a conference paper abstract accepted by the American Literature Association, the subject being Theodore Dreisers collection of stories, A Gallery of Women (1929). Its a remarkable group of portraits, written with Dreisers characteristic sympathy and curiosity. And Im not sure if I mentioned this but the conference was in SAN. FRAN. CIS. CO.(!!!!!!!!) A vibrant, energetic, diverse city, filled with bookstores and cafes and trolley cars. I was chomping at the bit to check it out. When I mentioned this trip to my mom over the phone, she got all wistful and dreamy about seeing California. It had been  years since we had taken a trip together, so I invited her along. She wanted to see the city in all its glory, and wander around, but I had just two goals: present my paper without embarrassing myself, and visit City Lights Bookstore, founded in 1953 by the poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti. My love for Ferlinghettis poetry stemmed from a recent purchase of The Portable Beat Reader, which included excerpts from the major writers of the Beat Generation (Ferlinghetti, Kerouac, Ginsberg, DiPrima, Burroughs, etc.). I was trying to write my own poems (and failing horribly) and something about Ferlinghettis free-wheeling, buoyant creations inspired and uplifted me. Constantly Risking Absurdity (#15), for instance, is one of my favorites. And A Coney Island of the Mind is one of my treasured collections. So once the paper was delivered, embarrassment averted, and mother taken to the heavenly palace of chocolate known as Ghirardelli Square (where we kept going back for free samples), we set out for City Lights. I was not prepared for the bookish feast that greeted me when we stepped through the door. City Lights is multiple levels, organized but crammed with bookcases featuring works that you would never see on a chain stores shelves. I found Thomas Mann books I hadnt even known existed, writers whom I had never heard of, beautiful editions that took my breath away. Poetry, philosophy, political science, history, biography, essays, fiction, art history: it was all there. We wandered amongst the books, taking in the cozy intellectual atmosphere of the place, me drooling all the way. I finally chose a couple of books to buy and then set out for the cash register, where I would demand to see my man Ferlinghetti. All I had going for me was my ardent devotion, literary studies creds, and a slightly-crazed look in my eyes. I paid for the books, and then looking the poor employee directly in the eye, asked if I could meet Mr. Ferlinghetti (whom I knew spent time at the store, despite his advancing years). Eyeing me warily, she told me that Ferlinghetti wouldnt be in that day. My mom and I were leaving early the next morning, so my hopes were shot. I said, Oh, ok. Well, tell him that he has a wonderful bookstore and that Rachel loves him. My mom gave me an Are you feeling well? look, and we left the store. I may not have met Ferlinghetti, but I saw his palace of books and breathed in its wondrous atmosphere. If I ever get the chance to visit San Fran again, Ill head directly to City Lights, and maybe spend a few hours (instead of just one) browsing and reading and sighing with joy. And who knows- maybe Ill even get to meet Ferlinghetti. Save

The Periods of Egyptian History in Pictures

Essay about Organizational Structure- Mgt/230 - 1127 Words

Organizational Structure Martha Miranda MGT/230 6/20/12 Kelley Parker Abstract The central thesis of this paper examines the organizational structures of McDonalds, Burger King, and Wendy’s food restaurants. It will examine the comparison and contrast of the organizational structure of McDonalds with Burger King, and Wendy’s Corporations. What functions influence McDonalds, and explains how the organizational design helps determine the structure that best suits McDonalds needs, as a business. Organizational Structure Burgers are one of the most favored junk foods people like to eat from around the world. What a great idea to create a restaurant that gives the best tasting flavors, one of a kind style,†¦show more content†¦Aside from their products and services, these corporations have â€Å"Giving back to the communities,† page. These companies give back to their communities by giving scholarships, promote adoption, and create foundations to those in need. For instance, The Ronald McDonald House Charities, Have-It-Your-Way Foundations, and Wendy’s wonderful kids- Dave Thomas Foundation of Adoption. All three of these companies are nationwide as well. McDonalds and Wendy’s dominate more than Burger King does, but all have restaurants worldwide. In contrast with McDonalds their success is from globalization. Since the early 1940’s McDonalds has been a burger business, and accomplished to be the first one’s to become global. McDonalds has invested into several community organizations that helped the business to earn trust from the communities and gave more of a positive outlook towards their restaurants. They support their own employees, their families, and other groups of society in every country where it has business. McDonalds has website links to promote healthy living for kids, teens, and Latin and African Americans. McDonalds Happy Meals, McDonalds for teens, Me Encanta, and 365Black. They have corporate governance, which shows in detail of their operational structure. There is a whole webpage that is dedicated to explain about what is their drive to stay successful, what the board ofShow MoreRelatedMgt/230 Organizational Structure Paper1298 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Structure Paper Jody Denton MGT/230 November 6, 2011 Dr. Matasha Murrell Jones Organizational Structure Paper The temperature outside is 30 degrees and the predicted weather for the next week will continue to drop below freezing. When Jane wakes up in the morning without any heat, she weighs her options and sets out to call the gas company to get her service reconnected. Jane is advised by the customer service representative that in order to get her service turned on she wouldRead MoreWeek 4-Individual Organizational Structure Paper1108 Words   |  5 PagesWeek 4-Individual Organizational Structure Paper Sabrina Hoffmann 12/3/2012 Course: MGT/230 - MANAGEMENT THEORY AND PRACTICE Instructor: CAROL CONNELL Management Organizational Functions An important trait to any organization in the business world of today is the functions within the organization. Overall, an organizing function of management outlines the practice in which individuals within the organization interact and work with each other. CellCom Inc. is small cell phone company locatedRead MoreOrganizational Structure716 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Structure Paper Mayfield G. 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The company utilizes point of sale cash register system to maintain financial and accountingRead MoreOrganizational Structure Paper1161 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Structure Paper MGT 230 Organizational Structure Paper The selected organization for the topic is AAA Remodeling AAA Remodeling is a construction company that focuses on remodeling of residential homes along with weatherization on commercial and residential buildings. Description of organizational structure of AAA remodeling will be given. Two other organizational structures will be selected for the use of contrast and comparison. The organizational functionsRead MoreOrganizational Structure Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Structure of Chick-fil-A MGT 230 Tamitha Sprenger October 4, 2012 Charlene Beamon Organizational Structure of Chick-fil-A One key responsibility of working as a manager is to recognize the best way to organize and run an organization. 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The opinions of Mill and Kant Free Essays

Mill’s utilitarianism on Kant and Baxter’s arguments In John Stuart Mill’s arguments for utilitarianism, it can be observed that his concept of that which is â€Å"good† corresponds to the maximization of utility, or the promotion of the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Further, Mill maintains that right actions are those that primarily promote happiness while on the other hand actions that result to the reverse of happiness are wrong actions. At this point, it should be noted that Mill is arguing for the centrality of a form of consequentialism in his conception of actions and their resulting moral worth. We will write a custom essay sample on The opinions of Mill and Kant or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is, the moral worth or value of the actions of man can be assessed through the very consequences that they give rise to. As human conduct is essentially directed by the quest for happiness or utility, Mill elaborates further that the very directive of men to acquire happiness does not refer to individual happiness or the happiness of each person taken singularly but rather to the collective happiness or the happiness for the greatest number of people. Among the numerous possible manifestations of such happiness that may be perceived, he further argues that the greatest happiness is to be sought after in connection to the greatest number of individuals. From this point, we are to analyze the arguments raised by Immanuel Kant and William Baxter on the aspect of rational agents juxtaposed with the issue of pollution. Both Kant and Baxter resort to the claim that men as rational agents should occupy the central role in ethical considerations. Prior to Baxter, Kant has already maintained that human beings, as agents imbued with and the capacity to reason, should not be treated as the means to possible or given ends. Rather what Kant strongly proposes is that human beings should be considered as the very ends themselves in the course of the actions of every individual. On the other hand, Baxter strongly argues in line with the Kantian prescription for the acts of man. That is, man’s actions should be that which is what one ought to do. Mill will most likely tell us that Baxter’s conclusions do not eventually promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people in the immediate consequences of man’s actions towards the environment. Mill’s utilitarian principles will maintain that Baxter’s conclusions on the scope of environmental ethics merely prescribe what men ought to do. This prescription, when applied to several environmental issues such as man’s hunting for rare animals for the therapeutic values of their body parts, will most likely condemn the given example and other related instances. However, Mill will argue that, since the gathering of the body parts of such a rare animal will most likely contribute to the betterment and eventual happiness of the greatest number of human beings, the act in itself is a right act. The apparent consequences of such an action are deemed with the greatest amount of merit in classifying such action as morally right. For the most part, Mill might have instead argued for the claim that even if pollution becomes a result of the actions of man towards his environment, these same actions should be taken if it promotes the greatest degree of happiness for the greatest number of individuals as its consequence. Mill’s arguments cannot in any way directly support and uphold the ethical guidelines set forth by both Kant and Baxter in seeking the proper conduct for the status quo of the environment. Mill’s utilitarianism on Carr’s â€Å"Is Business Bluffing Ethical?† One essential feature of the utilitarian ethical doctrine is that its moral point of view rests firmly on the consequences of the actions made. That is, an action is then to be categorized as either good or bad depending on the consequence or result of the action intended. However, what differentiates the utilitarian principles from other ethical or moral tenet is that the former further qualifies the outcome of the actions as good in terms of maximum benefits conferred by the deed. In a sense, a good action, then, is one which has maximized benefits or advantages not to oneself but, more importantly, to the most number of individuals as well in the end. Thus, in essence, such doctrine of utilitarianism can be briefly summarized as one that seeks to establish â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number. In adopting the principles being set forth by utilitarianism one is inclined to embrace the belief that the welfare of the majority is being taken with utmost concern and that, parallel to such aspect of utilitarianism, the greatest happiness or the benefit of the most number of people is seen as fitting enough to further accept the ethical theory of utilitarianism. The relative consequences in adopting these principles highlight a connection to the modern world inasmuch as the welfare of the majority rather than the individual is deemed to outweigh personal motives. Thus, the extent of Mill’s conception of the utilitarian doctrine will firmly hold that business bluffing is ethical so long as it promotes the good of the majority through the greatest good such an action is able to produce. For instance, when company executives are tasked to manage dealings or negotiations with fellow executives, customers, government authorities, labor groups, or the department heads of the same company the executives work in, they can resort to many forms of deception. The act of deceiving these â€Å"other† people in terms of its moral value can be analyzed through the apparent consequences such a conduct is able to make materialize. Especially in cases wherein the fate of the whole company or the status of the entire structure of the line of laborers is at stake, business bluffing is deemed right if and only if it is able to sustain the welfare of the general members of the company as its immediate consequence. Or even in the smallest of the departments in a business establishment, the relative gains of that small unit when taken as a whole should be reason enough, at least in Mill’s utilitarian approach, to pursue actions that will ensure the greatest gains for the greatest number in that department. These actions, in turn, are qualified as ethical and, hence, right under the utilitarian perspective as far as Carr’s notion on the extent of cases where the business â€Å"player† resorts to bluffing is concerned. On the other hand, the extent in which Mill will contradict Carr’s proposals for deception rests on the situation wherein bluffing does not promote the general welfare but instead advances the personal aims of the executive. In such cases, even if there are positive consequences for the businessman, the fact that the relative gains of the businessman for his own goes against the utilitarian principle of the maximization of the good. It ignores the crucial part of utilitarianism that prescribes actions which ensures the furtherance of the welfare of the majority. Thus, such an instance is essentially unethical inasmuch as it is not right as far as the tenets of utilitarianism are concerned. Kant’s ethical theory on DeJardins and Duska’s â€Å"Drug Testing in Employment† In order to analyze DeJardins and Duska’s claims in the article, an understanding of Kantian ethics should first be noted. Kantian ethics can be roughly started with the presumption that if we are to strictly follow the assertion that the goal of the lives of men is the attainment of happiness in general, then every individual will most likely be inclined to seek personal gratification so as to arrive at happiness. Nevertheless, the attainment of happiness is not entirely within the human capacity and that its actuality can be interpreted as a matter of chance that depends primarily on the varying capacities of man. No universal assurance on the attainment of happiness can then be seen. Consequently, by trying to remove cynicism and nihilism and by allowing the ethical norms of man to occupy the actions of all, it is necessary for these ethical doctrines to be unconditional such that there should be no exceptions and universal in the sense that these tenets should be applicable to every human being. Kant proceeds with his idea of the good will by defining it as a will that operates for the sake of duty and as a â€Å"good-in-itself†. For the most part, the concept of duty is central to the ethical precepts of Kant which he regards crucial by considering the difference that dwell between actions in accordance with duty and actions performed for the sake of duty. For Kant, the latter phrase is the only one that bears moral worth implying a greater moral worth in man’s actions that result from a person’s greater disinclination to act merely for the sake of duty. That is, if a person is motivated to do a certain act simply because one is entirely inclined to do such an act, then the act itself is considered to be bereft of moral worth. Duty for Kant is the inevitability or necessity of functioning out of a strict observation for laws that are universal. Consequently, the worth or value of the action done by the individual in terms of moral precepts is essentially drawn from the intention of the action thereby stressing the content of the actions in terms of intent as significant. This content can be further expressed in two manners. The first states that there are maxims or imperatives that stipulate that there are acts based on the desires of the individual. This is what Kant calls the hypothetical imperative. On the other hand, those which are based on reason and not merely dependent on one’s desires belong to the categorical imperative. The latter type deals with what ought to be done. All these can be roughly transposed and summarized into Kant’s conception of the practical imperative that claims that one ought to act to treat human beings as ends in themselves and never merely as a means to any given end, whether the individual is the self or another person. Thus, in line with the arguments proposed by the authors of Drug testing in Employment, Kant will very well argue that drug testing among employees in companies is unethical for the reason that it treats the employees as mere objects or means in achieving the ends of set forth by the company. The delicate private information that are to be obtained from the drug tests, moreover, gives rise to the possibility that these information can be manipulated for sinister ploys even if the protection of these information is given due recognition. Moreover, as the authors of the article suggest, drug use is not always job relevant. If this is the case, then information concerning drug use is not relevant as well hence leading to the observation that drug tests are irrelevant and that these only impair the centrality of man as the end for every action. The reason to these claims rests on two crucial aspects. First is that the practical imperative will not allow the treatment of the employees as schemes for the purpose of the upkeep of the employment status of the employer or of the company. Second is that drug testing undermines the rights of the employee thus, relegating our attention back to the first reason, undermining as well their existence as human beings and rational agents. Reference Mill, J. S. (1863). What Utilitarianism Is. In Utilitarianism (pp. 4-16). How to cite The opinions of Mill and Kant, Essay examples

Principles of accounts free essay sample

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all the persons who have been helpful towards the successful completion of this assignment. First and foremost I would like to thank Shadae Russell, Shakeyra Millington, Jonathon Butler and Ovasha Bartley for their support and assistance towards carrying out the research to complete this assignment. Secondly I want to thank my guardians for providing me with the suitable materials to finalize this assignment. I would also like to thank Mrs. K. Elliot for her assistance and guidance in completing this project. Last but certainly not least I would like to thank God for his extended mercies unto me. Introduction This assignment is about a business that started approximately three (3) years ago which is situated in a busy area that allows it to generate large amounts of money each day to carry out its operations. This assignment contains all the information about this Blanna’s Fashion Boutique business. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of accounts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The information which this assignment contains includes the financial records for the period ending September 30 2011. This assignment serves to keep track of all the money that goes inside the business bank account, all the cash which the business uses within visiting the business bank account, all the money that goes outside of the business bank account, all the money that came into the business by cash and not with the use of cheques and the purposes for each transaction. Therefore this assignment provides a clear understand of all the operations the business under goes on a day to day basis. Table of Contents Headings Page # Cover Page I Title PageII AcknowledgementIII Introduction IV Aim of the Project1 Description of Business Entity 2 Mission Statement 3 Logo and Slogan 4 Accounting Cycle 5 Accounting Information Journals 6-7 Cash Book 8 Ledgers 9-13 Trial Balance 14 Stock Valuation 15-19 Trading, Profit and Loss and Appropriation A/c 20-21 Balance Sheet 22 Bank Reconciliation Statement 23 Accounting Ratios 24-25 Performance of the Business 26 Comparisons 27 Recommendations and Suggestions 28 Conclusion 29 Appendix Price list (showing mark up %) 30 Diagrams Charts and Graphs Pictures Invoices, Cheques, Receipts etc References Aim of the Project The aim of this project is: To arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the financial sector of businesses. To highlight the strength and the weaknesses of the Blanna’s Fashion Boutique business. To present the financial records for the year ended September 30, 2011 for Blanna’s Fashion Boutique business. Description of Business Entity Blanna’s Fashion Boutique is a partnership. This business is owned and operated by Anna Kay Blake, Shadae Russell and Ovasha Bartley a Group of ambitious young ladies. Our main aim is to make a profit while catering for the needs of the community which it is situated in. Blanna’s Fashion Boutique is situated in Montego Bay at the Blue diamond plaza 10 Pearl Street. This business has been in existence since June 20, 2008. We employ approximately fifteen (15) workers. We cater for the petite to the full figured women. We produce a wide variety of slippers, pants, skirts, handbags and accessories. Prices are always lower than that of our competitors. In cases of fashion emergencies you can call us at (1876) 3553980/4275646 or email us at Blanna’[emailprotected] com. The mission of Blanna’s Fashion Boutique is to: Provide the latest fashion for all females Provide goods and services at a reasonable cost Ensure that the quality of our goods meets the standards of our business. Ensure that whatever the business do doesn’t affect the environment negatively. Provide employment for members of the community Provide sponsors to underprivileged children Logo and Slogan Logo Slogan With passion we send out the latest fashion Accounting Cycle General Journal Date Details Folio Debit Credit September 1 Bank CB01 364000 Cash CB01 27160 Debtor (J. Simpson) SL01 31600 Motor Van GL02 62840 Building GL03 100000 Stock 24960 Creditor (Super Supreme) PL01 10560 Capital GL01 600000 Opening entries 610560 610560 Purchase journalPage 01 Date Details Folio Amount 1-Sep Super Supreme International PL01 237,040 27-Sep Super Supreme International PL01 57,960 Sep 30 Total credit purchases to be transferred to the purchases account in the general ledger GL02 295,000 SALES JOURNAL Date Details Folio Amount 5-Sep J. Simpson SL01 57000 13-Sep B. Banton SL03 78,550 20-Sep N. Kidman SL02 104,400 Sep 30 Total credit sales to be transferred to the sales account in the general ledger GL13 239,950 RETURN OUTWARDS JOURNAL Date Details Folio Amount 9-Sep Super Supreme International PL01 13,600 Sep 30 Total return outwards to be transferred to the return outwards account in the general ledger GL16 13,600 Return Inwards Day Book Date Details Folio Amount 24-Sep B. Banton SL03 16,800 30-Sep N. Kidman SL02 9,600 Sep 30 Total goods returned to us to be transferred to the return inwards account in the general ledger GL15 26,400 Cash Book Date Details Folio Discount Allowed Cash Bank Date Details Folio Discount Received Cash Bank September 1 Balance b/d GJ01 27,160 364,000 September 1 Machinery GL3 48,000 September 2 Bank C 50,000 2 Cash C 50,000 3 Sales GL13 59,350 3 Rent GL4 30,000 7 Sales GL13 37,750 6 Fixtures GL5 65,000 18 J. Simpson SJ01 12,000 45,000 8 Wages GL12 10,000 29 B. Banton SJ03 6,175 55,575 11 Insurance GL6 6,100 30 Sales GL13 120,540 11 Electricity GL7 3,300 11 Rates GL8 2,600 15 Super Supreme International PL01 7,500 142,500 15 Wages GL12 10,000 16 Drawings GL10 6,200 19 Furniture GL11 3,600 22 Wages GL12 10,000 29 Wages GL12 10,000 30 Balance c/d 123,075 239,000 18,175 350,375 409,000 7,500 350,375 409,000 General Ledger Date Details Folio Amount Date Details Folio Amount Capital A/C Page 01 September 31 Balance c/d 600,000 September 1 Balance b/d GJ01 600,000 October 1 Balance b/d 600,000 Motor Van A/C Page 02 September 1 Balance b/d GJ12 62,840 September 30 Balance c/d 62,840 October 1 Balance b/d 62,840 Buildings A/C Page 03 September 1 Balance b/d GJ01 100,000 September 30 Balance c/d 100,000 October 1 Balance b/d 100,000 Machinery A/C September 1 Bank CB01 48,000 September 31 Balance c/d 48,000 October 1 Balance b/d 48,000 Rent A/C September 3 Bank CB01 30,000 September 30 Profit Loss 30,000 Fixtures A/C September 6 Cash CB01 65,000 September 31 Balance c/d 65,000 October 1 Bal b/d 65,000 Insurance A/C September 11 Bank CB01 6,100 September 30 Profit Loss 6,100 Electricity A/C September 11 Bank CB01 3,300 September 30 Profit Loss 5,500 30 Accruals c/d 1,200 5,500 5,500 October 1 Accruals b/d 1200 Rates September 11 Bank CB01 2,600 September 30 Profit Loss 2,600 Drawings September 16 Cash CB01 6,200 September 30 Balance c/d 6,200 September 30 Balance b/d 6,200 Furniture September 19 Cash CB01 3,600 September 30 Balance c/d 3,600 October 1 Balance b/d 3,600 Wages September 8 Bank C01 10,000 September 31 Profit Loss 40,000 15 Cash C01 10,000 22 Bank C01 10,000 29 Bank C01 10,000 40,000 40,000 Sales September 30 Trading Account 457,590 September 3 Cash CB01 59,350 September 7 Cash CB01 37,750 September 30 Cash CB01 120,540 September 30 Total Credit Sales SJ01 239,950 457,590 457,590 Purchases September 31 Total Credit Purchases PJ01 295,000 September 31 Trading Account 295,000 Return Inwards September 31 Total for month RI01 26,400 September 31 Trading Account 26,400 Return Outwards September 31 Trading Account RO01 13,600 September 31 Total for month 13,600 Discount Allowed September 30 Total Discount Given to customers 18,175 September 30 P L 18,175 Discount Received September 30 P L 7,500 September 11 Super Supreme International 7,500 Purchases Ledger Super Supreme International September 9 Return Outwards RO01 13,600 September 1 Balance b/d GJ01 10,560 15 Bank CB01 142,500 1 Purchases PJ01 237,040 15 Discount Received CB01 7,500 27 Purchases PJ01 57,960 30 Balance c/d 141,960 305,560 305,560 October 1 Balance b/d 141,960 Sales Ledger J. Simpson September 1 Balance b/d 31,600 September 18 Discount Allowed CB01 12,000 September 5 Sales SJ01 57,000 September 18 Bank CB01 45000 September 30 Balance c/d 31,600 88,600 88,600 October 1 Balance b/d 31,600 N. Kidman September 20 Sales SJ01 104,400 September 30 Return Inwards RI01 9,600 September 30 Balance c/d 94,800 104,400 104,400 October 1 Balance b/d 94,800 B. Banton September 13 Sales SJ01 78,550 September 24 Return Inwards RI01 16,800 September 29 Discount Allowed CB01 6,175 29 Cash CB01 55,575 78,550 78,550 Trial Balance Blanna’s Fashion Boutique Trial Balance as at September 30, 2011 Details Debit $ Credit $ Capital 600,000 Motor Van Buildings 100,000 Machinery 48,000 Stock 24,960 Rent 30,000 Fixtures 65,000 Sales 457,590 Purchases 295,000 Cash 123,075 Bank 239,000 Wages 40,000 Return Outwards 13,600 Super Supreme International 141,960 Electricity 3,300 Insurance 6,100 Rates 2,600 Furniture 3,600 Drawings 6,200 Return Inwards 26,400 N. Kidman 94,800 J. Simpson 31,600 Discount Received 7,500 Discount Allowed 18,175 1,220,650 1,220,650 Stock Valuation (A) Pants Date Received Issued Balance Quantity Unit Price Amount Quantity Unit Price Amount Quantity Unit Price Amount 1-Sep 12 900 10,800 1-Sep 96 1,000 96,000 12 96 900 1,000 10,800 96,000 3-Sep 12 12 900 1,000 10,800 12,000 84 1,000 84,000 5-Sep 12 1,000 12,000 72 1,000 72,000 13-Sep 24 1,000 24,000 48 1,000 48,000 20-Sep 24 1,000 24,000 24 1,000 24,000 27-Sep 36 1,100 39,600 24 36 1,000 1,100 24,000 39,600 30-Sep 24 12 1,000 1,100 24,000 13,200 24 1,100 26,400 (B) Blouse Date Received Issued Balance Quantity Unit Price Amount Quantity Unit Price Amount Quantity Unit Price Amount 1-Sep 12 400 4,800 1-Sep 96 440 42,240 12 96 400 440 4,800 42,240 5-Sep 12 12 400 440 4,800 5,280 84 440 36,960 13-Sep 24 440 10,560 60 440 26,400 20-Sep 36 440 15,840 24 440 10,560 30-Sep 12 440 5,280 12 440 5,280 (C ) Handbag Date Received Issued Balance Quantity Unit Price Amount Quantity Unit Price Amount Quantity Unit Price Amount 1-Sep 4 1,600 6400 4 1,600 6,400 3-Sep 1 1,600 1,600 3 1,600 4,800 7-Sep 1 1,600 1,600 2 1,600 3,200 13-Sep 1 1,600 1,600 1 1,600 1,600 27-Sep 4 1,650 6,600 1 4 1,600 1,650 1,600 6,600 30-Sep 1 3 1,600 1,650 1,600 4,950 1 1,650 1,650 (D ) Skirts Date Received Issued Balance Quantity Unit Cost Amount Quantity Unit Cost Amount Quantity Unit Cost Amount 1-Sep 12 780 9,360 1-Sep 60 820 49,200 12 60 780 820 9,360 49,200 3-Sep 12 780 9,360 60 820 49,200 7-Sep 12 820 9,840 48 820 39,360 13-Sep 12 820 9,840 36 820 29,520 30-Sep 24 820 19,680 12 820 9,840 (E) Slipper Date Received Issued Balance Quantity Unit Price Amount Quantity Unit Price Amount Quantity Unit Price Amount 1-Sep 48 900 43,200 48 900 43,200 5-Sep 12 900 10,800 36 900 32,400 7-Sep 12 900 10,800 24 900 21,600 20-Sep 24 900 21,600 27-Sep 12 980 11,760 12 980 11,760 Trading, Profit and Loss and Appropriation Account Blanna’s Fashion Boutique Trading Profit Loss Account for the year ended September 30, 2011 $ $ $ Sales 457,590 Less Return Inwards (26,400) Net Sales 431,190 Less Cost of Goods Sold: Opening Stock 24,960 Purchases 95,000 Less Return Outwards (13,600) Net Purchases 281,400 Cost of Goods Available 306,360 Less Closing Stock (54,930) 251,430 Gross Profit 179,760 Add Revenues Discount Received 7,500 187,260 Less Expenses Wages 40,000 Rent 30,000 Electricity 4,500 Insurance 5,100 Rates 2,600 Depreciation 400 Discount Allowed 18,175 100,775 86,485 Net Profit Add interest on Drawings: Shadae 620 Less: 85,865 Interest on capital Anna kay 12,500 Shadae 7500 Ovasha 10,000 30,000 Salary: Anna kay 12,000 42,000 43,865 Share of Profit: Anna kay 18,277. 08 Shadae 10966. 25 Ovasha14,621. 67 43,865 Balance Sheet Blanna’s Fashion Boutique Balance Sheet as at September 30, 2011 Fixed Assets Cost Accumulated Depreciation NBV Buildings 100000 100,000 Fixtures 65000 65,000 Machinery 48000 400 47,600 Furniture 3600 3,600 Motor Car 62840 62,840 400 279,040 Current Assets Stock 54,930 Debtors 126,400 Prepayment 1,000 Bank 239,000 Cash 123,075 544,405 Less Current Liabilities Creditors 141960 Accruals 1,200 143160 Working Capital 401,245 680,285 Financed by: Capital 600,000 Net Profit 86,485 686,485 Less Drawings 6,200 680,285 Bank Reconciliation Statement Updated Cash Book Balance b/d 239,000 Bank Charges 65 Credit Transfer 4200 Standing Order 15000 Balance c/d 228,135 243200 243200 Bank Reconciliation Statement as at September 30, 2011 Balance as per Bank Statement 222,535 Add Late Lodgments 45,000 267,535 Less Unpresented Cheque 39,400 Balance as per Cash Book 228,135 Accounting Ratios Inventory Turnover Ratio- Cost of Goods sold Average Inventory/2 =244,470 24960+61890/2 =5. 62 Current Ratio- Current assets Current Liabilities =551365 143160 =3. 85 Gross profit as a percentage of sales- Gross profit x 100 Sales =179,760 x 100 457590 = 39. 28% For every sale of $100 the business earns $39. 28 as gross profit. Net profit Ratio- Net profit / Net sales x l00 =86,485 / 431,190 x 100 =20. 06% For every sale of $100 the business earns $20. 06 as net profit. Acid Test Ratio- Current Assets- Stock Current liabilities = 544,405 54,930 143160 =3. 42 Performance of the Business In preparing the financial statements of Blanna’s Fashion Boutique the Trading, profit and loss and appropriation account shows a profit of eighty six thousand four hundred and eighty five thousand dollar (86,485) at the end of the financial period of September 30,2011. The business started out with six hundred thousand dollar. In the closing of the financial period of Blanna’s Fashion Boutique there was an increase in the amount of capital that the business has. The business made a gross profit of one hundred and seventy nine seven hundred and sixty dollars (179,760) instead of making a gross loss. Comparisons The comparison is being done between the opening capital and the closing capital for Blanna’s Fashion Boutique, at the end of the financial period. At the beginning of the financial year the opening capital was six hundred thousand dollar (600,000). At the end of the financial period the closing capital is six hundred and eighty thousand two hundred and eighty five dollar (680,285) which means there is an increase of eighty thousand two hundred and eighty five dollar (80,285). Another comparison is being done between the fixed assets of the business and the current assets. The fixed asset of the business is two hundred and seventy nine thousand and forty dollar (279,040) while the current asset is five hundred and forty four thousand four hundred and five dollars (544,405). This means that the amount of money that the business spend of items that stays in the business with no intention of selling it is lesser than the amount of money that the business spend on assets that will allow the business to generate a profit. Recommendations and Suggestions It is recommended that Blanna’s Fashion Boutique: Ploughed back a portion of the profit that the business makes into it. Introduces new products to the business. Purchase new equipment for the business Uses some of the profit that the business makes to attach another department on to the business. It is suggested that Blanna’s Fashion Boutique should: Purchase cheaper equipments to use in the business. This will increase the amount of money available in the business. Offer more sale discounts this will force more customers to purchase from Blanna’s Fashion Boutique. Conclusion It is clear that Blanna’s Fashion Boutique keeps all the records of the transactions that take place in the business over the financial period of time. Blanna’s Fashion Boutique could increase the gross profit and net profit of the business by adhering to the suggestions or recommendations outlined. Never the less Blanna’s Fashion Boutique made a good net profit of eighty six thousand four hundred and eighty five dollars (86,485) during the month of September in 2011. Blanna’s Fashion Boutique was able to make a profit due to the large amount of sales the business made. Price list Goods Price Pants $ Blouse $ Handbags $ Skirts $ Slippers $ INVOICE Debit note Principles of Accounts School Based Assessment (2012-2013) You are required to name the firm and state the nature of the business. This must be in accordance with the items sold*. After the initial accounting entries (Tasks 1 -3) have been completed you will then record the additional adjusting entries as set out at Tasks 4 and 5. You may choose goods from the following list for the transactions. * Computer Store Clothes and Accessories Store A Keyboard Pants (guess) B Mouse Blouse (guess) C Printer Hand bags (guess) D Surge Protector Skirts (guess) E Speakers Slippers (guess) ABC Enterprise (Remember that you are to rename the firm) The following transactions were taken from the books of ABC Enterprise. You are required to asses them carefully then write up the relevant books as outlined in the requirements below: 2011 Sept 1Opening Balances Capital$600, 000 Bank$364, 000 Cash$ 27, 160 Debtor (J Simpson)$ 31, 600 Creditor (Super Supreme International)$ 10, 560 Motor Van$ 62, 840 Building$100, 000 Stock 1doz A$ 10,800 1doz B $ 4,800 1doz D$ 9,360 Sept 1Bought goods on credit from Super Supreme International. 8 doz A @ $1,000 each 8 doz B @ $440 each 4 boxes C @ $1,600 each 5 doz D @ $820 each 4 doz E @ $900 each Sept 1Bought Machinery by cheque $48, 000. Sept 2Withdrew $50, 000 cash from the bank account to be used in the business. Sept 3Cash Sales 2 doz A @ $1, 650 each 1 box C @ $2, 950 each 1 doz D @ $1, 400 each Sept 3 Paid rent by cheque $30, 000. Sept 5 sold goods on credit to J. Simpson. 1 doz A @ $1, 650 each 2 doz B @ $800 each 1 doz E @ $1, 500 each Sept 6 Bought fixtures with cash $65, 000. Sept 7 Cash Sales 1 box C @ $2, 950 each 1 doz D @ $1, 400 each 1 doz E @ $1, 500 each Sept 8Paid wages $10, 000 by cheque. Sept 9Returned goods to Super Supreme International as items were damaged. 1 doz A 1 box C Sept 11Paid the following expenses by cheque: Insurance $6,100, Electricity $3,300 and Rates $2,600. Sept 13Sold goods on credit to B. Banton: 2 doz A @ $1, 650 each 2 doz B @ $ 800 each 1 box C @ $2, 950 each 1 doz D @ $1, 400 each Sept 15Made payment to Super Supreme International by cash $150, 000, received a 5% cash discount. Sept 15Paid wages with cash $10, 000 Sept 16Owner withdrew $6,200 cash to fix his personal motor car. Sept 18Collected Cheque from J. Simpson for goods sold on Sept 5th 2011, $45, 000. Sept 19Bought furniture $3,600 with cash from Courts Ja. Ltd. Sept 20Sold goods on credit to N. Kidman 2 doz A @ $1, 650 each 3 doz B @ $ 800 each 2 doz E @ $1, 500 each Sept 22Paid wages with cheque $10, 000. Sept 241 doz D returned to us by B. Banton as they were the wrong size. Sept 27Bought goods on credit from Super Supreme International. 3 doz A @ $ 1,100 each 4 boxes C @ $1, 650 each 1 doz E @ $ 980 each Sept 29B. Banton settled his account less 10% cash discount. He paid with cash. Sept 29 Paid wages $10,000 by cheque. Sept 30 Received goods from N. Kidman: 1 doz B Sept 30Cash Sales 3 doz A @ $1, 815 each 1 doz B @ $ 800 each 4 boxes C @ $3, 000 each 2 doz D @ $1, 400 each Task 1 Write up ALL Subsidiary Books and then post the transactions to the ledgers. Please ensure that you distinguish between, General Ledger, Sales Ledger and Purchases Ledger. Show the opening entries in the General Journal at September 1, 2011. Task 2 Prepare ABC Enterprise Trial Balance as at September 30, 2011 Task 3 Using the FIFO method of stock valuation, determine the closing stock. Task 4 Design a logo and slogan for your business and provide the relevant information on the business entity Prepare ABC Enterprise Trading, Profit and Loss Account for the month ending September 30, 2011 and a Balance Sheet as at that date, after taking into account the following: a) Insurance expense was paid in advance, $1000. b) Electricity was outstanding by $1, 200 c) Machinery is to be depreciated at 10 % annually using the straight line method (show the depreciation for the month). Show adjustment to the above information in the ledgers. Task 5 Prepare the Bank Reconciliation Statement using the Bank Statement below Bank Statement DR CR Balance $ $ $ Sept 1 Balance 364 000 Sept 1 Burke’s (Machinery) 48 000 316 000 Sept 2 SNPN Ltd (Cash) 50 000 266 000 Sept 8 Wages 10 000 256 000 Sept 11 NWC (Rates) 2 600 253 400 Sept 20 Wages 10 000 243 400 Sept 24 Credit transfer (Q Smith) 4 200 247 600 Sept 29 Wages